Introduction
Monel 400 is a single-phase solid solution Ni-Cu alloy, which has good corrosion resistance in many media environments. It has good corrosion resistance from mild oxidizing medium environment to neutral environment to suitable reducing environment. This alloy has a long history of use as a corrosion resistant material. In the early 20th century, people tried to smelt alloys with nickel ores with high copper content. Today, the proportion of nickel and copper content in Monel 400 is still similar to the original ores.
Like commercial pure nickel, the strength of Monel 400 in the annealed state is very low. For this reason, this material often requires tempering treatment to improve its strength.
Therefore, monel400 is suitable for making high-temperature fasteners,such as screws,bolts, nuts,washers etc.
Characteristics
Its characteristics can be summarized as follows:
1. Good corrosion resistance in marine and chemical environment;
2. It is not sensitive to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking;
3. Good mechanical properties from below zero to 550 ℃;
4. It is approved by ASME to be used as pressure vessel at - 10~425 ℃;
5. Good processing and welding performance.
Performance
Monel 400 has excellent corrosion resistance to neutral environment, alkali and salt environment, and has become the standard application material for salt plants.
This alloy material is one of the few metals that can resist fluorine, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen fluoride or their derivatives. It is also very resistant to corrosion in caustic soda. It has the same cavitation corrosion resistance as copper base alloy in seawater environment. It works better in sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and other environments, especially in the absence of air. However, because the material does not contain Cr, the corrosion rate will greatly increase in the oxidizing environment.
Although Monel 400 has good resistance to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking, stress corrosion cracking can occur in the environment with mercury or hydrogen fluoride gas exposed to moisture. At this time, attention should be paid to the stress relief heat treatment of the material.
Application
Its typical engineering applications are as follows:
1. Feedwater and steam generator piping system of the power station;
2. The heater and evaporator theme of the salt plant;
3. Alkylation unit of sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid;
4. Industrial heat exchanger;
5. Composite plate in crude oil distillation unit;
6. Wave shields for offshore installations;
7. Shaft of propeller and pump in seawater system;
8. Uranium and isotope separation systems in nuclear fuel production;
9. Pumps and valves in hydrocarbon chlorination production;
10. MEA reboiler piping.
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